Permeability is one of the basic concepts of contemporary theories of Urban planning and design which as a qualitative index (in some aspects) has taken a great attention in decisions of Urban planners. However a more connected (Permeable) road system provides a great number of route options and provides more direct routes but it is arguable that permeability is not always a good quality of Urban Fabric. A great number of samples can be found in historic cities of Iran that for defensive purpose or for cultural/religious reasons, permeability is intentionally decreased as shown in samples of article from Old Semnan City.In Iranian cities also assessing this measurement (permeability) has a great role in defining decays in Urban spaces and an index is used for it. Reviewing literature on the nature of this concept (not only in Urban planning and design field but in general) shows that what has been used in defining permeability is not pervasive.As a response to this deficient definition and index for measuring permeability, this article has reviewed and represented some other measurements (including Intersection density, Street Density, Connected Node Ratio, Link Node Ratio, Gamma Index and Alpha Index) that has been used around world as response to pedestrian safety, decreasing emergency services time, etc. Finally application of them in a sample Urban Fabric is showed. Many of these indices are based on the simulating Urban street pattern to a planar graph and so some principles of graph theory (Like Euler Theory) is applied in order to define the best and worst samples. But looking at Urban Fabrics shows some differences in these two, so based on these differences Gamma (Ratio of the number of links in the network to the maximum possible number of links between nodes) and Alpha (Ratio of the number of actual circuits to the maximum number of circuits) Indices are reviewed and a new form of them is proposed. Finally for measuring permeability, a combination of three indices of Distance of parcel to the first entrance of district, adjusted gamma and alpha indices and Distance to first intersection is proposed.For applying this method to a sample Urban Fabric, the number of calculation for each parcel will decrease enormously. So a procedure for programming (automation) in GIS is proposed which makes this method in some aspects dynamic. Data and Information for applying in this procedure can be collected from roads network layer of each city and parcels in land use maps. Based on this, decision makers can modify both indices and proposed alternatives by considering the outcomes of the process. For the purpose of testing this procedure a sample of Tehran city which is located in southern part of it and as a historical area suffer from permeability problem, is selected and each index is assessed in it and then using the method proposed in this article an intervention process is proposed in the area and finally it is reassessed which shows whether the intervention is efficient or not.

Themain purpose of this research is to analyze status of resilience indicesin the worn out and old Fabricof Farujcity. Inthis regard, 32 indicators in four dimensions of physical-environmental, social, economic and institutional-managerial were selected based on theoretical studies of the research. In the next step, a questionnairebased on these indicators was designed and distributed among the residents of the study area. A total of 380 households participated in completion of questionnaires. Then, the collected data were entered into SPSS and analyzed by single sample t-test. Four dimensions of resilience were compared with each other and based on average scores. The results indicated that resilience in the institutional-management dimension with the average score of 2. 70 is ranked first. Thesecond rank of resilience was for the physical-environmental dimension with a mean score of 2. 47. Finally, social and economic dimensions were ranked third and fourth, respectively. Inanother section of the study, the importance coefficient of each indicator was estimated based on expertschr('39') opinions. Then, the results were integrated and indicators with higher priorities were identified. In this method, we are looking for indicators with a low average score but a high coefficient of importance. Based on the analysis, we found nine indicators with these characteristics, of which we can refer to indicators such as access to temporary accommodation, awarenessabout the occurrence of natural and human disasters in the neighborhood, the level of awareness about reactions, how to behave appropriately during the crisis, job security, financial strength of residentsto participate in resolving the crisis, and the extent to which the insurance organizations support the residents.

Introduction: City-region qua a system of concepts has a theoretical, empirical and epistemological significance. On the strength of such a capacity, this system is applied to better understand the structures of production of space in different scales (global, international, national, regional and Urban). Materials and Methods: Using Henri Lefebvre’ s conception of Urban Fabric, this paper tries to bring about a different reading of the concept of city-region. Not only the concept of city-region per se but also the whole system of this concept (region, neo-regionalism and city-region) is read in light of Lefebvre’ s Urban Fabric. On the one side of this reading are subjects and their lived experiences, and on the other are institutions, governmental and administrative bodies. This reading emphasizes the importance of the subject in producing the scale, the gravity of the concept of scale itself and the importance of governance under the condition of neoliberal production of space. In the age of globalization and capitalist production of the city under neoliberal production of space, how does the city have its life and institutional content? The concept of Urban Fabric combines these two elements, and at the same time transcends them. This concept is the mediation between the two extreme limits of city region, i. e. the rural (hinterland) and its Urban core. This concept also functions as a kind of perspective or standpoint, which qua the mirror of the relation between Urban society and land manifests the mode of production of Urban land within the Urban institutional structure through its dissolution, which leads to the expression of Urban Fabric. Discussion and Results: During the recent neoliberal production of space, there happens to emerge forms of city-region through the implosion-explosion of the Urban core. Consequently, up to the Urban hinterland, the thrown pieces of Urban Fabric are extended here and there. This reading of city-region tries to explain fractures and disintegration of the city and its extension to its surrounding during late capitalism, investigating it from institutional, structural and subjective dimensions. Urban Fabric demonstrates the social condition of the production of Urban tissues under globalized circumstances. As a kind of embodiment of subjectivity in post-industrial age, Urban Fabric draws the condition of Urban expansion, which as such, displays the state’ s position as an entrepreneur and an enterprise. This would lead to the emergence of the condition of production of housing and commodification of space in order to prepare regions to compete with other international city regions. The conceptual hierarchy in this analysis begins with the everyday, spatial practices, which finally reaches its form. In other words, forms, the lived and the rational, are traceable in Lefebvrian Urban Fabric. Conclusions: Today, Urban Fabric can be proposed for subjects such as uneven development, territorial differentiation and center-periphery polarity. In the age of globalization, whatever that was considered Urban or in a way deemed as its features, such as definitive industrial and financial rationality, extends outside the city as if the region becomes a the Urban Fabric of the city. In each stage of Urban implosion-explosion, the scale of effect and the extension of Urban Fabric becomes different, since the speed and quality of Urbanization is different. If today, there are variety of the concept of city-region, it is because of the different effect it exerts upon social space.

One the five main historic quarters of Tehran, 'Oudlajan was included within the first city fortifications in the Safavid period. Marvi alley is part of in this quarter. Being in the vicinity of the royal palaces and major gates, Marvi alley links the bazaar to the historic quarter. This paper reviews the physical transformation of this alley since Qajar period to review its rehabilitation plan covering 13 hectares. The paper concludes with recommendations for rehabilitation of the historic Fabric and preservation of the identity and collective memory.

A city is a vibrant, dynamic, and evolving phenomenon that grows and spreads over time and space, and is exhausted and degraded. It also faces crises such as natural hazards and artifacts, resulting from human relationships and physical elements, on the one hand, and social, economic, cultural, geographical, political, and historical conditions on the other. The deteriorated Urban Fabric, which has physical, functional and operational deterioration, are resistant to the above-mentioned crises and has low vulnerability. Therefore, the need of intervening in these Fabrics is crucial for balancing, coordinating the foundations of social life, and improving the Urban structure. In this regard, in this research, priority is given to the dimension of resilient deteriorated Urban Fabric based on a disaster resilience of place model which is one of the models of Urban resilience measurement. This research is a descriptive-analytical according to method and is developmental-applied research in terms of the purpose. Also, Expert Choice software and AHP model are used to analyze the collected data by using a questionnaire. The results of the research indicate that, in three macro areas of Karaj, Hesarak and Mehrshahr, the physical-environmental resilience dimension has the highest weight and organizational-institutional resilience has the least weight. Overall, regarding prioritization of resilience dimensions, criteria and indicators, an increasing per capita of vital use in study areas, changing the economic structure of residents, as well as increasing the skill and coherence of citizens to deal with hazards and crises are important.

Tehran mega city as a capital of country has different functions. The interference in central Fabric of this city is very adventurous, long time for doing, complicated and sensitive. This matter was interested for Urban planners and Urban designers. Interference in eroded Fabric of Tehran city brings out the way of rehabilitation and intervention so with carrying out a project of renovation in the corner of this Fabric will be diffuse to the other parts of Fabric.The information of this research collected by observation, photography, necessary maps, interviews and complete questionnaires and analyze them with descriptive-analytic method and AIDA technique. The results show that the role of the people factors in rehabilitation and renovation-Participative renovation-in eroded Fabric is more serious than the other factors in the quarter. In other words, the presence and role of the people must be noted in certainty of renovation.

Urban deteriorated Fabrics is a large part of Iran's cities, exacerbated by the aging of the Fabric. Many metropolitan areas in Tehran also face such problems. As a result, the need to organize these Urban spaces has become more and more evident, thus by changing lifestyles, residents of cities at leisure, at night and out of work hours, have fun and entertainments that contribute to the liveliness of Urban environments. Night time use of space not only does not depreciate it, but the continued presence and activity of citizens makes it more important for people and city managers. This paper, according to the indices affecting night life, as well as the general knowledge of various features of Tehran and the features of the historical range of Laleh-Zar as a case study, is to provide strategies for creating previous use, this is to increase vitality, reduce damage of social and physical education, attract capital and restore main identity of the area. In the present study, two different methods, observation and questionnaire have been used. The required data has been collected, classified and extracted and therefore analyzed by SPSS statistical method. Finally, results indicate night-time indices such as sense of security, access to public transportation, attractiveness and beauty of space, increase hours of activity, as well as the recovering previous use of space. Night can attract people and the dynamics of the space, which reduces social and physical damage and also restores the main identity of the street.

City as highest symbol of human civilization has a fundamental role for all citizens. But concentrating only on the quantitative aspect of cities has created a bio polar character in most of the developing countries. So the concept of quality of life deals with the problems of Urban residents and promotion of his qualitative aspect of living. In fact this paper tries to explain the quality of life in the eroded Fabric of the Miandoaab city on the base of four socio-economic, physical-environmental and mental-subjective indexes.The methodology of the research is based on descriptive-analytical methods by conducting a field work to complete the given questionnaires. Cochran technique was used to determine the number of samples, then Entropy and SAW techniques were applied to analysis and rank the different neighborhoods. The results revealed that the index of green space with score of 0.477 showed clear difference with other indexes. In general, the mean of each factor was calculated which the factor of Urban service and facility scored 0.138 and placed in first rank as residents were dissatisfied regarding to this index. It seems that provision of Urban facilities should be considered more seriously in future planning. The findings from SAW technique revealed that neighborhoods of 19, 20 and 21 had an appropriate condition while the neighborhoods of 10, 11 and 12 placed the lowest rank.

The study of the Urban texture highlights the density of built space and open spaces in the city and has an important role in the final decisions to optimize service distribution and improve the quality of Urban spaces. This study aimed to investigate the Urban texture of Urumia for assessing public open space and green spaces compared to built environments and masses. In order to analyze the data and the quantitative texture of Urumia, transect method was used. The study was a cross-functional one focusing on Urumia. The results showed that in the transect T1 from North-West to South-East of the city, the spaces ​ ​ between 60 and 100 parts of density had been made. The lack of green spaces in parts 80 and 100 and the lack of open spaces in all parts except in parts 34 and 63 is visible. In the transect T2, from the West to the East of the city, the western part of the land had ​ ​ the highest density and the eastern part had the highest density of agricultural land and orchards. In the central part, between parts 30 and 80, there is a deficit passage network. In the transect T3 from the south west to the north east of the city, the density of built spaces in the city center has increased to 85 percent, while the shortage of passage network, especially the shortage of agricultural land and green and open spaces is visible in the middle of the transects 15 to 76. In the transect T4 from the south to the north of the city, built-in compression spaces between parts of the central sections have increased from 40 to 60 and the lack of green and open spaces is clearly evident. In conclusion it can be said that Urumia landscape consists of three types of tissues: the central condensed texture of open green spaces with a minimum and maximum spaces; the edges of the tissue center where the density has somewhat reduced the construction of buildings, and the margin consists of barren land, gardens and agricultural land. In this way, the construction level has decreased from the center to the sides of the city.

What is called the problems of Tehran metropolis now a days, is deep- rooted in the policies of Urban planning in our country. Since not far past up to now, immigration from all over the country to Tehran, irregular growth of Urban population, inconsistency with Urban infrastructure development, environmental pollution and low quality of living areas, erosion of self -growing Fabric in most areas which get erosion very quickly due to not being benefited from minimum constructional standards, service and Urban infected organ are all those problems that a city such as Tehran is confronted with. These cases caused that the greatest growth center of the country loses its capability of attracting the possibilities and parameters needed for efficient development and due to heavy pressure imposed by other towns and villages, this city is now suffering from serious problems which only by allocating extra budgets and additional funds, may be temporarily decreased. The topics which will be discussed in this article are those problems arisen from immediate neighborhood of two heterogeneous Fabrics which have not been properly paid attentions to. So it has been tried in this article to address the heterogeneity in Tehran, caused by economic and social problems. In this article different aspects of the issue from Urbanization viewpoint with analytical approaches and the existed challenges have been addressed.